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1) Reproductive system
1 Sperms produce an enzymatic substance for dissolving egg covering is called as @hyaluonidaase
2 Ovulation or release of ovum occurs on which day of menstrual cycle @12_14days
3 Menstruation result in discharge of@endometrial lining
4 Which one of the following is the precise site of embryonic implantation in a normal pregnancy @endometrium
5 Follicular atresia is@degeneration of follicles
6 Which of the following group of cells in male gonad represent haploid cells@2nd ary spermatocytes
7 Shortest phase in menstruation cycle of women is @ovulatory phase
8 Which gland releases of small amount of liquid just prior to ejaculation to decrease acidity in urethra caused by urine@bulbourethral gland
9 Head of mature sperms is made up of @Acrosome
10 Hormones secretedbby human placenta@Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, oestrogen & progesterone, relaxin
11 Menopausal hot flushes is due to decreased estrogen
12 The cells of interestitial compartment of the testis@are unable to function unless the testis descends into scrotum
13 The harmone testosterone is secreted by@intestinal cells
14 The acrosome of the sperm contains @nucleus
15 The cytoplasmic part of sperm cell is the @body
16 Testosterone causes@sperm to be motile
17 Human spermatozoa@contain 23 chromosomes
18 Synthesis of the testosterone is by @interstitial cell
19 spermatogenesis is facilitated by @testosterone
20 Flagellum is which structure of the sperm @tail
21 The speed velocity of sperm is about @1_4mm/min
22 Acrosome of the sperm has enzymes@proteolytic enzyme
23 The condition of failure of a testis to descend from abdomen to scrotum is called as@cryptorchism
24 Spermatogenesis is the maturation of @sperm
25 ---------- maintains the pregnancy @Corpus luteum
26 A specialised inner mucous membrane of the uterus is @endometrium
27 Nutrition & Respiration to the embryo is maintained by @placenta
28 Maturation and development of the ovarian follicles is regulated by@FSH
29 Ovulation occurs under the influence of @LH
30 Characteristic histological variation in females life is occurs only in @ovary
31 Cyclical discharge of blood from the uterus in females reproductive life is called as@mentruation
32 The process of rupture of graffian follicle isaovulation
33 Ovulation occurs usually between---------after the 1 st day of menstruation@13_17th week
34 The mechanism that determines the location of the blastocyst is called as @implantation
35 -------days after ovulation an implantation occurs@7&9th
36 Estrogen & progesterone are ---------- hormones.@ovarian
37 Gonadotropins FSH & LH are secreted by @anterior pituitary
38 The active principal of corpus luteum is@progesterone
39 Permanant cessation of menstruation is called as----@menopause
40 All the nutritivents from the maternal blood passes into the foetus through @placenta
41 At the beginning of lactation the secretion of mammary gland is called as @colostrum
42 The process of maintenance of lactation is controlled by@prolactin
43 ------ is for the milk let down reflex.@oxyticin
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2) Nervous system
1 The synoptic vesicle in a neuro muscular junction discharges@acetylcholine
*2 In the left cerebral hemisphere buoca's area is related to@speech
3 Which of the following structure at a synopse has neurotransmittors@synaptic vesicle
4 Brain stem does include@pons vardii,medulla oblangata, midbrain
5 Node of Ranvier occurs where@myelin sheath is discontinous
*6 Which of the following parts of brain is called emotional brain@limbic system
7 The sensory neuron enters the spinal cord through@the dorsal root of the spinal cord
8 Emmediately after an action potential has peaked which cellular gates open@potassium
*9 Sensory tracts in posterior columns are@tarct of gall
10 Unipolar neurons are found only in@early embryo
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3) Endocrine system
1 Hypothalamic releasing factors which control the secretory function of the anterior pituitary reach the anterior pituitary via@hypothalamo_hypophysial portal system
2 Atrophy of the anterior pituitary in infants and childrens produces @dwarfism
3Which of the following has both activating and inhibiting effects on ACTH secretion@cerebral cortex
4 The thyroid gland contains about@20%of total iodine content of body
5 Secretion of parathormone is controlled by @blood calcium level
6 Glycogen secretion is inhibited by@hyperglycaemia
7 Oxytocin shares some of the activities of ADH and thus it is@minimally diuretic
8 Glycogen is secreted by alpha cells of islets of langerhans@it is polypeptide in nature
9 In extreme cases of diabetes insipidus maximum output of urine may be high as@28_30litre
10 vasopressin is synthesised in @hypothalamic nuclei
11 Ejection of milk from breast or let down@it caused by Oxytocin induced contraction of the myoepithelial thesis
12 The earliest effect occurs following the administration of TSH is@increase thyroxin synthesis
13 The following test asses the thyroid function @BMR,iodine uptake studies, protein bound iodine
14 Therapy of thyroxin in hypothyroid patients improves the following @gastrointestinal motility
15 Which of the following would decreases in hyptothyroid patients@food intake
16 During primary active transport @substance is moved to higher concentration
17 Viterious humor lies@ behind lens
*18 Ear ossicles are arranged in following order from ear drum @incus,malleus, stapes
19 The type of taste that is most sensitive to minute concentrations of the substance to be tasted is @the sweet taste
20 Sinus rhythm is produced due to@S.A.node
21 The action of parathormone on kidney tends to@eleventh serum phosphate
22 The major site of action of insulin are@muscledliver
23 Which of this is not hormone@maltose
24 Life saving harmone are secreted by @pituitary
25 True about antidiuretic harmone is@secreation determine by Plasma osmolality, increase permeability of distal nephrons to water, secreated by nerve cells with their cell bodies in hypothalamus
26.
27
28 Destruction of anterior lobeof pitutary gland (Simmond's disease) is characterized @infertility,asthenia, decrease BMR
29 What is true about oxytocin@important to maintaining preganancy
30 Melanocyte stimulating hormone is secreted by @intermediate lobe of Pituitary gland
31 A hormone synthesised in the hypothalamus is @vasopressin
32 Posterior pituitary gland secretes@lxytocin & ADH
33 Diabetes insipedus is caused by deficient secretion of@vasopressin
34 Secretion of growth hormone is inhibited by@somatostatin
35 Secretion of prolactin is regulated by@prolactin release inhibiting hormone
36 Hormone secreted by ovary @estrogen
37 Toxic goitre caused due to@excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
38 Function of thyroid hormone@carbohydate metabolism, increase BMR, increase O2 consuption
39 secretion of thyroid hormone is regulated by@hypothalamus, Ant. Pituitary, feed lack regulation
40 Thyrotoxicosis is associated with@tachycardia
41 Calcitonin is synthesised in@thyroid gland
42 Glycosuria is condition @excess blood vlolucose level
43 Hyoglycemia meaning @low blood glucose level
44 Carpus leutium is@remenant of grafian follicle, yellow colored body, gland which secret progesteron
45 Insulin secreted by@B_cell
46 Features of tetany @carpopedal spasm, laryngeal striador, Erbs sigmln
47 Growth hormone secreted by @acidophilic cell
48 ant Pituitary gland secrete hormone@GH,TSH,ACTH,LH,FSH,Protactin
49 Post Pituitary gland secrete hormone@ADH(vasopressin)
50 Action of antidiuretic hormone@retention of water
51 Giangatism is disorder of@ant.pituitary
52 Dwarfism@stunted growth, deficiency of growth hormone, regard skeletal growth
53 function of gonadotrofins @stimulation of spermatogenesis, Ovulation, development of grafian follicle
54 Cushing syndrome cause by Obesity, hypersecreation of cortisol(glucocorticoid)
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4) Nerve Muscle Physiology
1 Skeletal and cardiac muscle,which are both striated at resting length contain an A band in each sarcomere.This A band contains@ all myosin +some actine
2 When skeleton muscle shortens in response to stimulation there is@A decrease in the width of I Band
3 A cross section view of skeletal muscule fiber through the H zone would reveal the presence of @myosin but no actin
4 Which of the following binds Ca++ in order to uncover the active site on F-action @troponin
5 The action potential of skeletal muscle@spread inward to all parts of muscle via T_tubules
6 Depolarization of T tubule is directly linked to thw opening of Ca+ channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of@skeletal muscle
7 Which of the following is true about the synoptic channels on the endplate of skeletal muscle?@they are activated by (ACH) acetylcholine
*8 Which of the following about smooth muscle contraction is most accurate@does not require an action potential
*9 Which of the following is only associated with skeletal muscle@troponin
10 Smooth muscle contraction is terminated by which of the following@dephophorylation of myosin light chain
11 The important ions involved in the nerve conduction are @K&Ca
12 Denervation of skeletel muscles leads to @atrophy,splastic paralysis, fibrulation
13 Surfactant _________@reduce surface tension with alveoli, Chemically as spinomylin
14 "Keratin" synthesised in@langerbans cells
15 Carotene in the cutis vera is@yellow orange pigment of skin
5) Digestive system
1 Which of the following digestive juices has the minimum pH value@gastric juice
2 In adults,curdling of the milk in small intestine occurs due to the action of @chymotrypsin
3 Duodenum has characteristic buunner's gland which screte two hormones called@secretin,cholecystokinin
4 Which of the following is correct@parietal cell secret hydrochloric acid
5 Least peristalsis occurs in@rectum
6 Essentially the word digestiob means @hydrolysis of food
7 Digestion of carbohydrates is affected by@amylase
8 Mucin in saliva is made up of @phopholipid
9 Protein digestion is carried out by@proteolyolytic enzymes, proteoses, peptides
10 The structure which prevents entry of blood into respiratory tract is@epiglottis
11 Succus entericus is secreated by@crypts of leiberkunn & Brunner gland
12 The principal function of gastro-oesophageal sphincter isato prevent reflux of stomach content
13 Digestion is chemically@hydrolysis
14 Pancreatic secretion contains @tripsin
15 Brunner's glands secrets @mucus
16 Digestive enzyme secretes by salivary glands@ptyline
6) Vitamins
1 Good Sources of Vitamin A and Vitamin D is @cod liver oil
2 Vitamin A deficiency is responsible for @night blindness
3 Vitamin which is destroyed on heating is@vit.C
4 What does a person suffering from bleeding gum need in his food@citrus fruits
5 Vit. E prevents rancidity by virtue of its property @antioxidant
6 Iodine is essential for formation of @thyoxin
7 Anti sterelity vitamin is @vit.E
8 Ascorbic acidity deficiency causes @scurvy
9 Which vitamin deficiency causes Beriberi@thiamine
10 Which vitamin is called 'Antisterlity' vitamin @vit.E
11 Niacin deficiency causes@pellagra
12 Which of the following found in Pellegra@drlermatitis,diarrhea,dementia
13 Nyctalopia is the deficiency of @vit.A
14 Vitamin A stored in the body as @retinol Ester
15 Vitamin K is called as @antihaemorrhagic
16 Which of the following not water soluble vitamin @calciferol
17 Which of following acts as coenzyme for carboxylase@biotin.
18 Which is not Vitamin C deficiency sign@haemorrhage,delay blood clotting, delay healing
19 Deficient production of insulin takes place in vit.deficiency@vit.c
20 Exposure of sunlight decreased the requirement of @vit.D
21 Vitamin A stored in the body in @liver
22 Nyctalpia means @inability to see in dim light.
23 Cholecalciferol is formed in @skin
24 Skeletal deformities found in @rickets
25 Vitamin B12 absorbed in @ileum
26 Following which constituent present in normal diet@Protein,carbohydrates,fats
27 Energy yielding nutrients are@Protein,carbohydrates,fats
28 proyein deficiency disease known as@kwashiokor
29 followling which type of protein present in milk@caseinogen, lactalbu., lactglobulin
30 What is the ratio of protein fat & carbohydrate in diet @1:1:4
31 For vegeterians pulces are important source of@ carbohydate
32 kwashiorkor occurs when th diet is severly deficient@protein
33 Marasmus occurs in deficiency of@protein
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7) Special Senses
1 Visual cortex for vision located@on medial surface of Occipital lobe
2 What happens to light rays when confrontong a convex lens@converge
3 Refratory index of crystline lens is @1.4
4 Visual acuity is tested with test chart palced at@20feet
5 Fuction of stapedius is@protection of cochlea from loud sound, make low frequency sound, decreased sensitivity to own speech
6 Foot plate of stpes covers @oval window
7 Which of the following is not primary taste sensation @pungent
8 The taste buds are present on which type of papillae@circumvallete, fungi form, foliate,
9 The odour is sense by@mitral cell, tufted cell, glomerulus
10 The rod in the retina@are rendered by_insensitive by bright light
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8- Gastro-intestinal system
1 Which of the following sentence regarding taste buds are @Test buds possessesmelon shaped and frequent supporting or sustentacular, The taste cell varies from 4 to 20% taste buds, Taste cells are responsible for detection of taste
2 Foliate papillae are found on ----@on lateral margin of the Posterior part of the tongue
3 The secretion of parotid gland carried out by a single duct called--@duct of stensen
4 Which of the following statement regarding salivary gland cells is true?@on lateral margin of the post. Part of the tongue
5 The secretion of serous gland is---@thin watery poor in solid but rich I enzymes.i.e.Ptyalin--
6 The following of type cells in the fundus and body part of stomach--@Mucus neck cells secret mucus which is swollable & contain mucinogen dopiest,,Chief cells or zymogenic cells secretspepsin and contain zymogein granules which are precussor of pepsin
7 The hormones secreted by stomach is-@gastrin
--8 Which of the following statement is true@In jejunum mucosa is throwninto the circular fold called as folds of kerckring,, --In jejunum numberof villi is less which help for the secretion,,The brush borderof the surface epithelial cells of villi is composed of microvilli --
9 Brunner’s gland is present-@duodenum
10 The Enzyme present in saliva@kallikrein which acts on Plasma protein to produce kallidin or brydykinin
--11 The composition of gastric juice is as follows-@water_98.45%, solid_1.5%
-12 The total quantity of pancreatic juice is@1500ml/day
-13 Intestinal juice enzymes are--@erepsin and arginase are proteolytic enzyme ,amylase Sucrase, Maltase are carbohydrates splitting enzymes, Alkaline phosphatase cholestrolestrase are also the enzymes
14 Which of the following statement is false regarding bile -----?@Solids contains are more in gall bladder bile, Bile salts are more in gall bladder bile. Mucin & pigments are less in liver bile
15 Bile is essential for complete digestion of fats for and for fat absorption@ Due to the hydrotropic action and reducing the surface tension of the absorbing epithelium, increase theirpermeability and facilitate absorption
--16 The different bile salts are -@sodium taurochoclate and sodium glychoclate
---17 Whichof the following sentences are true ---@The salivary center consists of superior and inferior nuclei in the reticular formation of medulla
-18 The characteristic of appetite juice are --@The composition is constant does not vary with the type of food, acidic in reaction, rich in pepsin
-19 Hormones influence gastric secretions are ------@Glucocortecoids secreted by adrenal cortex increases acid and pepsin secretion -
20 The main excretory duct of pancreatic gland is ---@duct of wirsung
-21 Which of the following sentence is true@Pancreatic secretion is a reflex response,The vagus stimulation increase the pancreatic stimulation, The stimulation of symphatic nerve may decrease secretion of pancreatic juice
22 Which of the following is stimulation for pancreatic secretion?@pancreozymin,heptocrinin
23 The total amount of bile secretion—@800_1000ml/day
24 Which of the following sentence is true?@Chemical substances pass via the body fluids & act on the chemo sensitive area called chemoreceptorstrigger zone in the floor of IV ventricle & cause vomiting
25 Peristalsis is a -----@composite wave, it consist of wave of contraction followed by wave of relaxation, it travel down the gut in a aboral direction
26 The movement of villi stimulated by hormone@villikinin
27 Following are the movements of large intestine @segmental contraction, haustal contraction, kneading movement
No peristalsis shown by large intestine(Divya Notes)
– 28 Pecularities of action of pancreatic amylase are as follows @it acts both on boiled & unboil starch
29 Invertase actson sucrose producing @1mol.of fructose & 1mol.of glucose
30 Characteristics of trypsin is—@protein in nature
31 Function of bite salts include @emulsification of fats
32 Icterus is seen when serum billrubin is above @2mg%
33 Main functions of large intestine is@absorption of water & electolytes
34 Which of the following has rule of liver?@glycogen storage, synthesis of coagulation factor, absorption of iron
35 Gastrin sectretion is inhibited by aexcess HCL
36 Which of the following is a function of bile juice@emulsification of fats, absorption of cholesterol, miscells formation
*37 In GIT smooth muscle, the depolarization is due to opening up of@ca++ channel
38 Intrinsic factor is secreted by which cells?@parietal
39 HCl secretion is stimulated by @fasting,emotional stress, somatostatin
40 Vitamin B12 is produced by@bacteria in colon
41 Gastrointestinal movements, controlled by@auerbach's plexus
42 Cells of stomach which play major role in digestion of protiens @chief cell
43 All of the following are clinical features of myxodems @dry scaly skin, decrease BMR, decrease pulse rate
44 Following hormone is an example of of neuroendocrine secretion@growth hormone
45 Delta cells of Panceras secrete @somatostatin
46 Which of the following controls the secretion of prolactin? @somatomammotrophin
47 Mechanism of action of ADH is to@make ascending limb of henle permeable to water
48 A 40 year old female patient came with a complaint of change in voice,swelling of face and intolerance to cold.She is most likely to have@hypothyroidism
49 Mental retardation with dwarfism occurs due decreased secretion of@growth hormone
50 Following are true insulin @glycopeptide, secreat by B_cell
51 Excess of growth hormone secretion in adults leads to@ Acromegaly
52 Ovulation is promarily caused by preovulatory surge of@leutinizing hormone(LH surge-14th day of MC)
53 A 60 year old male patient came with complaints of increase appetite,increase frequency of urination and increase thirst. He is most likely to have@diebetes insipidus
54 Which one of the following factors causes increase in GFR?@increasse in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, increase in colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma, increase on capsular pressure
55 ADH increases permeability of collection duct to @water
56 GFR is _____litres per day@180L
57 The substance for Renal clearance test which develops the renal plasma flow is@PAH
58 GFR is increased when@Renal blood flow is increased
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